Candles, a daily lighting tool, mainly made from paraffin, in ancient times, usually made from animal grease. Can burn to give out light. In addition, candles are used for a wide range of purposes: in birthday parties, religious festivals, group mourning, and weddings and funerals events. In literary and artistic works, candles have the symbolic meaning of sacrifice and dedication.
In modern times, it is generally believed that candles originated from torches of primitive times. primitive people painted fat or wax on bark or wood chips and tied them together to make torches for lighting. It is also said that in the pre-Qin and ancient times, some people tied mugwort and reed into a bunch, and then dipped it in some oil and lit it for lighting. Later, someone wrapped a hollow reed with cloth and filled it with beeswax to ignite it.
The main raw material of candles is paraffin (C₂₅H₅₂), which is made from the wax fraction of oil after cold press or solvent dewaxing. It is a mixture of several advanced alkanes, mainly n-dodecane (C22H46) and n-dioctadecane (C28H58), containing about 85% carbon and 14% hydrogen. The auxiliary materials added include white oil, stearic acid, polyethylene, essence, etc., in which stearic acid (C17H35COOH) is mainly used to improve the softness, and the specific addition depends on what kind of candles are produced. Easy to melt, density less than water difficult soluble in water. Heat melt into liquid, colorless transparent and slightly heat volatile, can smell paraffin unique smell. When cold, it is white solid, with a slight special smell.
The candle burning we see is not the combustion of the paraffin solid, but the ignition device ignites the cotton core, and the heat released makes the paraffin solid melt and revaporize to produce paraffin vapor, which is flammable. When the candle is lit, the initial flame is smaller and gradually larger. The flame is divided into three layers (outer flame, inner flame, flame heart). The flame core is mainly candle vapor with the lowest temperature; the inner flame paraffin is not fully burned, the temperature is higher than the flame center, and contains carbon particles; the outer flame contacts the air with the air, and the flame is the brightest, fully burned, and the highest temperature. Therefore, when a match stick is quickly flattened into the flame and removed after about 1 second, the match stick touching the outer flame part turns black first. At the moment of blowing out the candle, you can see a wisp of white smoke, with the burning match to light the white smoke, can rekindled the candle, so it can be proved that the white smoke is solid small particles produced by the paraffin vapor. When a candle burns, the products of burning are carbon dioxide and water. Chemical expression: C25H52 + O2 (lit) CO2 + H2O. The burning phenomenon in the oxygen bottle is the flame bright white light, releasing heat, and the water mist on the bottle wall.
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Post time: Aug-04-2023